Community-based tourism products can accelerate the rate of economic growth through the tourism industry, which is estimated to have generated USD 2.6 billion in 2019 before COVID-19, and USD 1 billion in revenues in 2020 (14). Tanzania could use this potential to position itself in view of the competition in the region and utilize its competitive advantage of being the first in Africa and 12th worldwide for the quality of its community- nature-based tourism resources, and 32nd in Africa and 112th in the world for its cultural resources (17).

Community-based tourism products promote rural development through employment of local community in the facilities and residents selling products and services directly to tourists (31, 32). They reduce pressure on people and the planet through effective conservation measures and sustainable exploitation (30).

Excessive levels of touristic interventions may cause damage to the environment and wildlife as well as disturb cultural and traditional practices of communities, if the number and activities of tourists is not well managed (8, 20).

Some communities may not be experienced with the best practices for environmental management and socially responsible tourism. Without adequate assistance, these may therefore not be well implemented, risking the expected impact (8, 10, 20).

If the communities' interest and priorities are not take into account sufficiently, touristic activities may not experience a significant uptake and / or benefit the communities, which may limit the expected impact.

Integrate inland and rural populations into the tourism industry and protect their biodiversity and wildlife.

Tanzania Tourism Policy, 2021: Outlines the government's commitment to promote diversified tourism products and associated services, including community and eco-tourism, historical and cultural heritage sites, conferencing and tourism supply chain (5).

Tanzania Tourism Master Plan, 2002: Emphasizes that the government is committed to promote diversified tourism sector in terms of geography, tourism products and associated services and activities. It also entails a renewed emphasis on targeting the Southern Circuit as a result of the saturation of the Northern Circuit (9).

Third National Five-Year Plan (FYDP 3), 2021: Outlines the government's plan to promote tourism as one of the sub-sectors that integrates more than one services, notably local culture and natural endowments, transport, accommodation and food, information and communication (4).

Financial inceptives: The World Bank has offered a credit of USD 150 million to Tanzania to operationalize the REGROW project, which focuses on the promotion of alternative livelihoods for household around the protected areas of the Southern Circuit, including community-based tourism products. There is a special embedded package for identifying suitable joint economic opportunities between investors and communities (24).

Fiscal incentives: Tanzania offers import duty and VAT exemption on deemed capital goods, including building materials, utility vehicles and equipment. This applies to all types of tourism products, including activity-based tourism (25).

Tourism Act, 2008: Provides the institutional framework, administration, regulation, registration and licensing of tourism facilities and activities, and for related matters (21).

Wildlife Conservation Act, 2013: Makes provisions aimed at regulating sustainable utilization and management of wildlife resources and to provide for other related matters (23).

Wildlife Conservation Act, 2013: Makes provisions aimed at regulating sustainable utilization and management of wildlife resources and to provide for other related matters (23).

Nomad Tours, Kudu safaris, Adventure Safaris, Kearsleys Travel & Tours, Takims Holidays, Widerange African Safaris, FCM Skylink Travel and Tours Ltd, Tanzania Mwangaza Tours & Safaris, Sultan Tours, Gecko Adventure Tanzania Safaris.

Ministry of Tourism and Natural Resources Management (MNRT), Tanzania Wildlife Authority (TAWA), Ministry of Economy and Finance, Ministry of Industry and Trade, Tanzania Tourism Board (TTB).

World Tourism Organisation, Global Tourism Council, World Bank Group (WBG), African Development Bank (AfDB), World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC), World Tourism Forum Institute.

Tanzania Wildlife Protection Fund, Wildlife Conservation Society of Tanzania, Community Wildlife Management Areas Consortium (CWMAC), Tanzania Association of Tour Operators, Hotels Association of Tanzania (HAT), Tanzania Natural Resource Forum (TNRF).

Tanzania has 16 national parks, one conservation area, 17 game reserves, several marine parks, a coast and lake zone and several other tourism attractions spread across the country, where community-based products can be offered (26).

Selous Game Reserve is the largest fauna reserve in the world, spanning over 55,000 km2. Mikumi National Park offers a unique wildlife experience with a large number of herbivores and a rich variety of bird species. Ruaha National Park, is the second largest park in Tanzania, with miombo woodland, acacia grasslands, and large baobab trees. Udzungwa National Park is one of few “World Biodiversity Hotspots” and one of 200 World Wildlife Federation ecoregions of global critical importance (34).

Olduvai Gorge is the birthplace of human kind. It was here, in the early twentieth century, that the famous archaeologist Dr. Louis Leakey uncovered some of the earliest remains of fossil hominids. Mount Kilimanjaro is Africa's highest mountain and one of the continent's magnificent sights. Serengeti National Park is one of the world’s most iconic wildlife conservation areas. Ngorongoro Crater is a rare protected area where people and wild animals co-exist in harmony. Ngorongoro is technically a “caldera”, the largest sunken ancient caldera in the world. Estimated three million years old, the once-volcanic Ngorongoro is now considered one of “Africa’s eighty wonders” (34).